Chemist
Chemist

Biography

Dr. Amanda Lines is a chemist focused on development of online monitoring tools for the nuclear industry. She manages multiple projects within the Department of Energy focusing on development of on-line monitoring and sensors for applications within the nuclear field. Her work focuses on sensors and on-line monitoring technologies for real-time process assessments, which enable researchers and operators to understand and control nuclear material processing as it occurs.

With applications ranging from fuel fabrication, used fuel recycling, on-reactor analysis (e.g., off-gas or molten salt loops), to legacy waste cleanup, Dr. Lines and her team are building the tools needed to improve operational performance throughout the nuclear field. She leads multidisciplinary teams to identify and meet monitoring needs and also works to develop pathways for student involvement and supports opportunities for budding scientists.

Disciplines and Skills

  • On-line monitoring
  • Chemometric analysis
  • Optical spectroscopy
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroelectrochemistry
  • Sensors for processing of nuclear materials

Education

  • PhD in Analytical Chemistry, Washington State University
  • BS in Chemistry, Purdue University
  • BS in Chemical Engineering, Purdue University

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • Member, American Chemical Society

  • PNNL Laser Safety Committee

  • American Nuclear Society, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Division (FCWMD), elected to the Executive Committee, 2023-present

Awards and Recognitions

  • FCR&D Excellence Award 2018

Publications

2023

  • Branch S.D., H.M. Felmy, A. Schafer Medina, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2023. "Exploring the complex chemistry of Uranium within molten chloride salts." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 62, no. 37:14901–14909. PNNL-SA-181742. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02005
  • Lackey H.E., R.L. Sell, G.L. Nelson, T.A. Bryan, A.M. Lines, and S.A. Bryan. 2023. "Practical Guide to Chemometric Analysis of Optical Spectroscopic Data." Journal of Chemical Education 100, no. 7:2608-2626. PNNL-SA-178491. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c01112
  • Lines A.M., D. Barpaga, R.F. Zheng, J.R. Collett, D.J. Heldebrant, and S.A. Bryan. 2023. "In Situ Raman Methodology for Online Analysis of CO2 and H2O Loadings in a Water-Lean Solvent for CO2 Capture." Analytical Chemistry. PNNL-SA-181794. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02281

2022

  • Felmy H.M., H.E. Lackey, A. Schafer Medina, M.J. Minette, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2022. "Leveraging multiple Raman excitation wavelength systems for process monitoring of nuclear waste streams." ACS ES&T Water 2, no. 3:465-473. PNNL-SA-166535. doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00408
  • Heller F.D., L.R. Hylden, Z.E. Hern, N.H. Gunawardena, A.D. French, A.M. Lines, and G.L. Nelson, et al. 2022. "Development of Online pH Monitoring for Lactic, Malonic, Citric, and Oxalic Acids Based on Raman Spectroscopy using Hierarchical Chemometric Modeling." Analytical Chemistry 94, no. 50:17343-17740. PNNL-SA-176587. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03624
  • Lines A.M., J.M. Bello, C. Gasbarro, and S.A. Bryan. 2022. "Combined Raman and Turbidity Probe for Real-Time analysis of Variable Turbidity Streams." Analytical Chemistry 94, no. 8:3652-3660. PNNL-SA-164902. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05228
  • Mattio E., A. Caleyron, M. Miguirditchian, A.M. Lines, S.A. Bryan, H.E. Lackey, and I. Rodriguez-Ruiz, et al. 2022. "Microfluidic in-situ spectrophometric approaches to tackle actinides analysis in multiple oxidation states." Applied Spectroscopy 76, no. 5:580-589. PNNL-SA-164597. doi:10.1177/00037028211063916
  • Schafer Medina A., H.M. Felmy, M.E. Vitale-Sullivan, H.E. Lackey, S.D. Branch, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2022. "Iodine and carbonate species monitoring in Molten NaOH-KOH Eutectic Scrubber via Dual-phase in situ Raman Spectroscopy." ACS Omega 7, no. 44:40456–40465. PNNL-SA-171166. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c05522
  • Tse P., N. Bessen, S.S. Galley, S.A. Bryan, A.M. Lines, and J.C. Shafer. 2022. "Electrochemical Oxidation and Speciation of Lanthanides in Potassium Carbonate Solution." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4:Art. No. 46521. PNNL-SA-170403. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac6704
  • Tse P., J.C. Shafer, S.A. Bryan, G.L. Nelson, and A.M. Lines. 2022. "Measuring Nd(III) Solution Concentration in the Presence of Interfering Er(III) and Cu(II) Ions: A Partial Least Squares Analysis of Ultraviolet–Visible Spectra." Applied Spectroscopy 76, no. 2:173– 183. PNNL-SA-160222. doi:10.1177/00037028211053852

2021

  • Andrews H., J. Mcfarlane, S. Chapel, D.D. Bull Ezell, D.E. Holcomb, D. de Wet, and M.S. Greenwood, et al. 2021. "Review of Molten Salt Reactor Off-Gas Management Considerations." Nuclear Engineering and Design 385. PNNL-SA-161213. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111529
  • Clifford A.J., H.E. Lackey, G. Nelson, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2021. "Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometric Analysis for Speciation and Quantitative Analysis of Aqueous Phosphoric Acid Systems." Analytical Chemistry 93, no. 14:5890-5896. PNNL-SA-159089. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00244
  • Felmy H.M., A.J. Clifford, A. Schafer Medina, R.M. Cox, J.M. Wilson, A.M. Lines, and S.A. Bryan. 2021. "On-Line Monitoring of Gas-Phase Molecular Iodine using Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Paired with Chemometric Analysis." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 6:3898-3908. PNNL-SA-152725. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06137
  • Lackey H.E., H.A. Colburn, M.V. Olarte, T.L. Lemmon, H.M. Felmy, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2021. "On-line Raman measurement of radiation-enhanced reaction of cellobiose with hydrogen peroxide." ACS Omega 6. PNNL-SA-165646. doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c04852
  • Tse P., J.C. Shafer, S.A. Bryan, and A.M. Lines. 2021. "Quantification of Raman-Interfering Polyoxoanions for Process Analysis: Comparison of Different Chemometric Models and a Demonstration on Real Hanford Waste." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 19:12943-12950. PNNL-SA-158430. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c02512

2020

  • Bryan S.A., A.M. Lines, G.L. Nelson, A.J. Casella, S.E. Asmussen, H.B. Bryan, and J.M. Bello. 2020. "REAL-TIME SOLUTION ANALYSIS IN MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES USING OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY." In International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference and TOP FUEL 2019 - Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global 2019), September 22-27, 2019, Seattle, WA, 682-686. La Grange Park, Illinois:American Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-145208.
  • Hughey K.D., A.M. Bradley, H.M. Felmy, A.J. Clifford, R.M. Cox, A.M. Lines, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 2020. "Quantitative far-infrared band strengths of iodine monochloride (ICl), a molten salt off-gas product." In Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXI; SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing. Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by Guicheteau, J.A. and C.R. Howle, 11416, Paper No. 114160Q. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-152471. doi:10.1117/12.2557555
  • Hughey K.D., A.M. Bradley, R.G. Tonkyn, H.M. Felmy, T.A. Blake, S.A. Bryan, and T.J. Johnson, et al. 2020. "Absolute Band Intensity of the Iodine Monochloride Fundamental Mode for Infrared Sensing and Quantitative Analysis." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 124, no. 46:9578-9588. PNNL-SA-154340. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07353
  • Lackey H.E., D.R. Bottenus, M. Liezers, S.D. Shen, S.D. Branch, J.A. Katalenich, and A.M. Lines. 2020. "A versatile and low-cost chip-to-world interface: enabling ICP-MS characterization of isotachophoretically separated lanthanides on a microfluidic device." Analytica Chimica Acta 1137. PNNL-SA-151307. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.049
  • Lackey H.E., G.L. Nelson, A.M. Lines, and S.A. Bryan. 2020. "Reimagining pH Measurement: Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy for Enhanced Accuracy with Phosphoric Acid Systems." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 8:5882-5889. PNNL-SA-149421. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05708
  • Lines A.M., G.B. Hall, S.E. Asmussen, J.R. Allred, S.I. Sinkov, F.D. Heller, and N.B. Gallagher, et al. 2020. "Sensor fusion: comprehensive real-time, on-line monitoring for process control via visible, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy." ACS Sensors 5, no. 8:2467-2475. PNNL-SA-151230. doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c00659
  • Lines A.M., G.B. Hall, S.I. Sinkov, T.G. Levitskaia, N.B. Gallagher, G.J. Lumetta, and S.A. Bryan. 2020. "Overcoming oxidation state-dependent spectral interferences: Online monitoring of U(VI) reduction to U(IV) via Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 19:8894-8901. PNNL-SA-148215. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06706
  • Lines A.M., S.D. Branch, H.M. Felmy, J.M. Wilson, G.J. Lumetta, and S.A. Bryan. 2020. "On-line monitoring combined with spectroelectrochemistry for the characterization of uranium and fission products within molten salt environments." In International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference and TOP FUEL 2019 - Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (Global 2019), September 22-27, 2019, Seattle, WA, 1104-1106. La Grange Park, Illinois:American Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-144352.
  • Lumetta G.J., J.R. Allred, S.E. Asmussen, S.A. Bryan, G.B. Hall, F.D. Heller, and A.M. Lines, et al. 2020. "Progress in Real-time Monitoring for Controlling of the Composition of the Uranium-Plutonium Nitrate Product in a Tri-butyl Phosphate Based Flowsheet." In International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference and TOP FUEL 2019 - Light Water Reactor Fuel Performance Conference (GLOBAL 2019), September 22-27, 2019,Seattle, WA, 993-998. La Grange Park, Illinois:American Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-142791.
  • Lumetta G.J., J.R. Allred, S.E. Asmussen, S.A. Bryan, J.C. Carter, G.B. Hall, and F.D. Heller, et al. 2020. CoDCon Project: Final Report. PNNL-30604. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. CoDCon Project: Final Report
  • Nelson G., H.E. Lackey, J.M. Bello, H.M. Felmy, H.B. Bryan, F. Lamadie, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 2020. "Enabling microscale processing: combined Raman and absorbance spectroscopy for microfluidic on-line monitoring." Analytical Chemistry 93, no. 3:1643-1651. PNNL-SA-156894. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04225
  • Tse P., S.A. Bryan, N. Bessen, A.M. Lines, and J.C. Shafer. 2020. "Review of On-line and Near Real-Time Spectroscopic Monitoring of Processes Relevant to Nuclear Material Management." Analytica Chimica Acta 1107. PNNL-SA-148811. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.008

2019

  • Asmussen S.E., A.M. Lines, D.R. Bottenus, F.D. Heller, S.A. Bryan, C.H. Delegard, and C.A. Louie, et al. 2019. "In Situ Monitoring and Kinetic Analysis of the Extraction of Nitric Acid by Tributyl Phosphate in n-Dodecane using Raman Spectroscopy." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 37, no. 2:157-172. PNNL-SA-128863. doi:10.1080/07366299.2019.1630071
  • Bottenus D.R., S.D. Branch, H.E. Lackey, C. Ivory, J.A. Katalenich, S.B. Clark, and A.M. Lines. 2019. "Design and optimization of a fused-silica microfluidic device for separation of trivalent lanthanides by isotachophoresis." Electrophoresis 40, no. 18-19:2531-2540. PNNL-SA-138400. doi:10.1002/elps.201900027
  • Bryan S.A., A.M. Lines, M.J. Minette, K.J. Cantrell, and S.R. Kimmig. 2019. AP-105 Melter Offgas Condensate and EMF Evaporator Concentrate Raman and LIBS Qualitative Evaluation for the use of In-Line Monitoring. PNNL-28546. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. AP-105 Melter Offgas Condensate and EMF Evaporator Concentrate Raman and LIBS Qualitative Evaluation for the use of In-Line Monitoring
  • Casella A.J., J.C. Carter, A.M. Lines, J.M. Bello, S.A. Bryan, R.A. Clark, and J.F. Corbey, et al. 2019. "In Stream Monitoring of Off-Gasses from Plutonium Fluorination." Actinide Research Quarterly Second Quarter 2019, no. 1:31-35. PNNL-SA-139619.
  • Lines A.M., P. Tse, H.M. Felmy, J.M. Wilson, J.C. Shafer, K.M. Denslow, and A.N. Still, et al. 2019. "Online, real-time analysis of highly complex processing streams: Quantification of analytes in Hanford tank sample." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 47:21194-21200. PNNL-SA-143209. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03636
  • Lumetta G.J., J.R. Allred, S.A. Bryan, G.B. Hall, T.G. Levitskaia, A.M. Lines, and S.I. Sinkov. 2019. "Simulant Testing of a Co-Decontamination (CoDCon) Flowsheet for a Product with a Controlled Uranium-to-Plutonium Ratio." Separation Science and Technology 54, no. 12:1977-1984. PNNL-SA-138080. doi:10.1080/01496395.2019.1594899
  • Mcfarlane J., G.D. Delcul, D.D. Bull Ezell, K. Myhre, S.A. Bryan, H.M. Felmy, and A.M. Lines, et al. 2019. "Fission Product Measurement and Off-Gas Scrubbing for Molten Salt Reactors." Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 121, no. 1:707-708. PNNL-SA-149521. doi:10.13182/T30752
  • Nelson G.L., A.M. Lines, J.M. Bello, and S.A. Bryan. 2019. "Online monitoring of solutions within microfluidic chips: simultaneous Raman and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopies." ACS Sensors 4, no. 9:2288-2295. PNNL-SA-137145. doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b00736
  • Ryan J.V., B. Parruzot, A.M. Lines, S.A. Bryan, L.M. Seymour, J.F. Bonnett, and R.K. Motkuri. 2019. "In-situ Monitoring of Seeded and Unseeded Stage III Corrosion using Raman Spectroscopy." npj Materials Degradation 3. PNNL-SA-129711. doi:10.1038/s41529-019-0095-0

2018

  • Branch S.D., A.D. French, A.M. Lines, B.M. Rapko, W.R. Heineman, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "In situ quantification of [Re(CO)3]+ by fluorescence spectroscopy in simulated Hanford tank waste." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 3:1357-1364. PNNL-SA-128552. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04222
  • Branch S.D., A.D. French, A.M. Lines, C.Z. Soderquist, B.M. Rapko, W.R. Heineman, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "In situ spectroscopic analysis and quantification of [Tc(CO)3]+ in Hanford tank waste." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 14:7796-7804. PNNL-SA-129388. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b05840
  • Lines A.M., G.L. Nelson, A.J. Casella, J.M. Bello, S.B. Clark, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "Multivariate Analysis To Quantify Species in the Presence of Direct Interferents: Micro-Raman Analysis of HNO3 in Microfluidic Devices." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 4:2548-2554. PNNL-SA-126639. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03833
  • Lines A.M., J.D. Warner, W.R. Heineman, S.B. Clark, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "Spectroelectrochemical Sensor for Spectroscopically Hard-to-detect Metals by in situ Formation of a Luminescent Complex Using Ru(II) as a Model Compound." Electroanalysis 30, no. 11:2644-2652. PNNL-SA-140865. doi:10.1002/elan.201800427
  • Lines A.M., S.R. Adami, A.J. Casella, S.I. Sinkov, G.J. Lumetta, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "Plutonium: Advancing our Understanding to Support Sustainable Nuclear Fuel Cycles." Science Trends. PNNL-SA-132760.
  • Nelson G.L., A.M. Lines, A.J. Casella, J.M. Bello, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "Development and testing of a novel micro-Raman probe and application of calibration transfer method for the quantitative analysis of microfluidic nitric acid streams." Analyst 143, no. 5:1188-1196. PNNL-SA-120604. doi:10.1039/c7an01761h
  • Nelson G.L., S.E. Asmussen, A.M. Lines, A.J. Casella, D.R. Bottenus, S.B. Clark, and S.A. Bryan. 2018. "Micro-Raman technology to interrogate two-phase extraction on a microfluidic device." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 14:8345-8353. PNNL-SA-129484. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04330
  • Parruzot B., J.V. Ryan, A.M. Lines, S.A. Bryan, J.J. Neeway, S. Chatterjee, and C.D. Lukins, et al. 2018. "Method for the in-situ measurement of pH and alteration extent for aluminoborosilicate glasses using Raman spectroscopy." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 20:11812-11819. PNNL-SA-130118. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00960

2017

  • Branch S.D., A.M. Lines, J.A. Lynch, J.M. Bello, W.R. Heineman, and S.A. Bryan. 2017. "An Optically Transparent Thin-Film Electrode Chip for Spectroelectrochemical Sensing." Analytical Chemistry 89, no. 14:7324-7332. PNNL-SA-121883. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00258
  • Bryan S.A., B.M. Rapko, S.D. Branch, A.M. Lines, W.R. Heineman, and C.Z. Soderquist. 2017. Non-pertechnetate Technetium Sensor Research and Development. PNNL-26316. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 
  • Lines A.M., S.R. Adami, A.J. Casella, S.I. Sinkov, G.J. Lumetta, and S.A. Bryan. 2017. "Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Pu (III/IV) and (IV/VI) Couples in Nitric Acid Systems." Electroanalysis 29, no. 12:2744-2751. PNNL-SA-127756. doi:10.1002/elan.201700465
  • Lines A.M., S.R. Adami, S.I. Sinkov, G.J. Lumetta, and S.A. Bryan. 2017. "Multivariate analysis for quantification of Plutonium (IV) in nitric acid based on absorption spectra." Analytical Chemistry 89, no. 17:9354-9359. PNNL-SA-126578. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02161

2016

  • Casella A.J., A.M. Lines, G.L. Nelson, J.M. Bello, and S.A. Bryan. 2016. "MicroRaman Measurements for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Applications." Procedia Chemistry 21. PNNL-SA-117014. doi:10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.065
  • Lines A.M., Z. Wang, S.B. Clark, and S.A. Bryan. 2016. "Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Luminescent Europium complexes." Electroanalysis 28, no. 9:2109-2117. PNNL-SA-114011. doi:10.1002/elan.201600034
  • Schroll C.A., A.M. Lines, W.R. Heineman, and S.A. Bryan. 2016. "Absorption Spectroscopy for Quantitative Prediction of Lanthanide Concentrations in the 3LiCl - 2CsCl Eutectic at 723 K." Analytical Methods 8, no. 43:7731-7738. PNNL-SA-111769. doi:10.1039/C6AY01520D

2013

  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.M. Lines, F.N. Smith, G.B. Josephson, and J.M. Bello. 2013. "Dual-Remote Raman Technology for In-Situ Identification of Tank Waste." In WM Symposia 2013: International Collaboration and Continuous Improvement, February 24-28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, Paper No. 13549. Tucson, Arizona: WM Symposia. PNNL-SA-92015.
  • Gasbarro C., J.M. Bello, S.A. Bryan, A.M. Lines, and T.G. Levitskaia. 2013. "Development of an Integrated Raman and Turbidity Fiber Optic Sensor for the In-Situ Analysis of High Level Nuclear Waste." In WM Symposia 2013: International Collaboration and Continuous Improvement, February 24-28, 2013, Phoenix, Arizona, Paper No. 13532. Tucson, Arizona: WM Symposia. PNNL-SA-92838.

2011

  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.J. Casella, J.M. Peterson, A.M. Johnsen, A.M. Lines, and E.M. Thomas. 2011. "Spectroscopic On-Line Monitoring for Process Control and Safeguarding of Radiochemical Streams in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Facilities." In Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment: Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 2, edited by KL Nash and GJ Lumetta. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. PNNL-SA-70392.
  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.J. Casella, J.M. Peterson, A.M. Johnsen, A.M. Lines, and E.M. Thomas. 2011. "Spectroscopic On-Line Monitoring for Process Control and Safeguarding of Radiochemical Streams in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Facilities." In Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment, edited by KL Nash and GJ Lumetta. 95-119. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. PNNL-SA-88404.
  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.J. Casella, J.M. Peterson, A.M. Lines, D.E. Verdugo, and E.A. Jordan. 2011. "SPECTROSCOPIC ON-LINE MONITORING FOR PROCESS CONTROL AND SAFEGUARDING OF RADIOCHEMICAL STREAMS." In ISEC 2011: 19th International Solvent Extraction Conference, October 3-7, 2011, Santiago, Chile, edited by F Valenzuela L. and BA Moyer, 100. Santiago: GECAMIN. PNNL-SA-77238.
  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.J. Casella, J.M. Peterson, A.M. Lines, E.A. Jordan, and D.E. Verdugo, et al. 2011. "On-Line Monitoring for Control and Safeguarding of Radiochemical Streams at Spent Fuel Reprocessing Plant." In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, July 17-21, 2011, Palm Desert, California, 3, 2492-2501. Deerfield, Illinois: Institute of Nuclear Materials Management. PNNL-SA-80524.
  • Orton C.R., S.A. Bryan, A.J. Casella, W. Hines, T.G. Levitskaia, J. Henkell, and J.M. Schwantes, et al. 2011. FY-2010 Process Monitoring Technology Final Report. PNNL-20022. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 

2009

  • Arrigo L.M., R.N. Christensen, C.G. Fraga, M. Liezers, S.M. Peper, E.M. Thomas, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 2009. FY 2009 Progress: Process Monitoring Technology Demonstration at PNNL. PNNL-19136. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 
  • Bryan S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, A.M. Lines, J.M. Billing, A.J. Casella, A.M. Johnsen, and J.M. Peterson, et al. 2009. "ON-LINE MONITORING FOR CONTROL AND SAFEGUARDING OF RADIOCHEMICAL STREAMS AT SPENT FUEL REPROCESSING PLANT." In 2nd Japan-IAEA Workshop on Advanced Safeguards Technology for the Future Nuclear Fuel Cycle, November 10-13, 2009, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan, INIS-XA-1073. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Safeguards, Division of Technical Support. PNNL-SA-70056.